Harriet, the blogger of The Post and Courier’s blog, Good Morning Lowcountry left a very nice comment in response to my last post, in which I questioned a portion of her post criticizing reporters on the scene of the Virginia Tech shooting.
To fair, I wanted to run her comment in a follow-up post, rather than leaving it only as a comment to the original post. She makes some excellent points about the intrusiveness of the news media on events like this, as well as the differences between broadcast and print, which I do not deny. Here’s her reply in full, followed by a few follow-up thoughts of my own:
“I in no way excuse print media from being intrusively nosy at a time like this, or in any news event. I submit, however, for the purposes of the story at VT, that the impact of a one-on-one interview by a reporter (and that includes wire reporters) for print just doesn’t have the same level of intrusion as displaying a parent’s or loved one’s grief on television, especially day after day after day.
“The 24-hour TV news cycle has changed the message. The medium IS the message, and the message is repetition — relentlessly repeated images of a psychotic’s violent rant. Apparently no one is listening to the psychologists, also being interviewed, who say the content in the rantings of a paranoid psychotic doesn’t matter, that it’s not supposed to make sense.
“Newspapers print the story once, twice, a few times in the week that it happens and try to report as much depth as possible, then move on, following up as necessary.
“TV has made 24-7 wallpaper of the killer’s video ‘manifesto.’ To call these images ‘disturbing’ is an understatement and it doesn’t only affect those who lost somebody. Thousands of viewers are upset and angry at NBC, etc.
“I had nothing to do with the decision to run a still picture of the shooter in our paper, but I don’t criticize its use. It appeared once in a newspaper 400 miles away from the events, distributed to 100,000 people in the Lowcountry. Those television viewers who are upset are not upset at The Post and Courier.
“As for this question: ‘And please forgive a blunt question, but how, exactly, did you phrase your email to the Post and Courier’s webmaster demanding that he REMOVE from their site any links to AP Video stories shot by some of the very electronic news crews on that campus that you seem so eager to badmouth? You DID make such a demand, didn’t you?’
“No, I didn’t send any such e-mail to the Web master and I have no idea what you’re talking about. I wouldn’t presume. I’m just a columnist here … GMLc, 7 days a week. Who did send such an e-mail? Our Webmaster would not be amenable to such a demand anyway.
“I find now that I read your comment again that you weren’t being sarcastic. But frankly, I wasn’t aware today whether we had links to the videos or not until I asked somebody after reading your comment.
“I would much rather have seen NBC post the video on its Web site, rather than air it and repeat it endlessly on MSNBC.
“We did have links attached to the AP package up for a couple of days but today, they are redundant, says Paul Crawford our Internet chief. Plus, he said, people go to charleston.net for local news, not national news. Other Web outlets do national news better than we do and while we’ll leave the links wires put into national stories, we won’t leave them there forever. People know where else to get that information. (Paul, by the way, did find interviews about Cho being bullied in high school interesting, and found the video newsworthy. He said it answered some questions about the story for him.)
“I’ve been in this business almost 25 years and having studied my profession first in graduate J-school and constantly on the job after that, I reserve the right to criticize media … all of us. I’ve certainly asked my share of nosy questions. I asked Jihan Sadat, wife of assasinated Egyptian president Anwar Sadat, if she missed her husband. What could she do but tear up and say yes? I’m not proud of that, but I was young and green then. Fortunately for me, it wasn’t on TV.
“You seem to think this sort of media criticism is a form of self-hatred or hatred of others in the profession. Not at all. We’re not a club that has to stick together. It’s a part of the job. We criticize each other all the time, and criticize (second-guess, Monday morning- quarterback, whatever) ourselves at the newspaper DAILY. All daily newspapers do. It makes us better. It’s a necessary part of the profession. We are a glass house, hopefully, in our transparency. That’s why we run corrections.”
I agree completely that 24-hour cable news has very much changed the way that the general public has grown accustomed to receiving — and thereby, the way that they now expect to receive — information. It is no longer good enough to expect anyone to wait until the 6:00pm local newscast or the next morning’s newspaper. When something happens, they want all of the information right that minute.
We all know that once the public becomes accustomed to something, getting them to give that up, it is nearly impossible. Need proof of that suggestion? You need look no further than your local car lot: we all know that gas prices are going up, that oil is slowly becoming more scarce, that the days of gasoline at 99¢ per gallon or less are long gone. We all know, whether we want to admit that global warming is real or not, that we would benefit by conserving our resources for as long as possible. That is common sense. But look how many people are still buying those oversized sport utility vehicles that get under 15 miles to the gallon. Look at the muscle cars that are lucky to get that much. Our society has gotten used to having power on the roads without environmental responsibility and they don’t want to give that up.
That’s the problem.
But those 24-hour news outlets have been assisted by an alternate form of print: internet news. Every one of those news networks, along with almost every local television station that offers news, and most local newspapers, have internet pages. The internet reaches people during the day more easily than television; many offices have computers with an internet connection, but fewer have television sets…and you can only stare in shock at MSNBC or CNN in the breakroom for so long before your boss angrily taps you on the shoulder.
And while it is television that provides those disturbing images, the internet can provide the same pain-filled quotations from grieving family members. While it may be more compelling to watch them speak through their tears, I cannot discount the power of the written word, either online or in print, to provide as emotional an experience for all of us when we turn voyeur and seek out such information. It’s not the same, but the written word does have its power.
True: the networks rerun the material over and over again. But they know that there are plenty of people who happen not to be news junkies. They’ll watch for fifteen or twenty minutes, then move on. And the whole time some of those viewers are tuning out, new ones who haven’t yet heard the news are tuning in. There has to be repetition to get everyone on that “same page” when there is a breaking news event.
Newspapers do print the information once or twice and move on. But the operative words in that statement is that they print the information. Now that most of the broadcast media have decided, quite properly, to stop or seriously limit running the video that Seung-Hui Cho sent to NBC, one can tune in and avoid seeing any of it. But I can walk into my living room and glance at the coffee table where a newspaper or magazine might have placed a still from one of those videos on its cover. Long after the broadcast is gone, I am still able to see the image, in tangible form.
Sure, I can throw the magazine or newspaper away: no one is forcing me to read it, and no one is forcing me to allow myself to be impacted by the face of an inexplicably-angry young man. But by the same argument, I could also have simply changed the channel to some harmless sitcom when a news broadcast was airing the footage.
Circulation and Access
I also have a hard time with the argument of comparative availability. Why should it matter what the circulation of a local newspaper is versus a national broadcast network’s audience? Look at it this way: some have suggested that Cho was inspired by some ultra-violent movies. If we were to pretend that just watching a movie or two could turn a normal, well-balanced, reasoning person who is otherwise incapable of such extreme action, into a maniacal killer, — and with all respect, I don’t think that can happen — what difference would it make whether that movie was seen by an audience of millions, thousands, hundreds, or just a few? If that one single person who is so vulnerable to suggestion sees it — even if he is in a theater by himself — then that single bit of exposure is still going to get the blame by those who are trying to argue that television is treading on dangerous territory in its broadcast of Cho’s videos.
When talking about the dangers of copycat threats, it would seem to me that the same argument applies. I don’t want to pick on The Post and Courier; let’s use a different newspaper: how about this page from the Kansas City Star’s website. That page takes a still image from the video aired by NBC. It is possible, since the image appears on the newspaper’s site, that the paper itself actually published images from the same video in the print edition.
Should they have done so? Maybe, maybe not. But my point is this: long after the cable news networks, and even local affiliates, have stopped airing those images, I can still go online many print journalism sites and find them. And who’s honestly to say that a copycat type of the future who might have somehow missed this week’s coverage couldn’t find the root of inspiration from looking through an old magazine or newspaper clipping, regardless of how wide a circulation the publication might have had?
As hard — no, impossible — as it is for me to imagine, there are households in this country in which there is no television to be found. There are people who never watch. I’m the first to admit that I am a TV addict. But let us imagine that one of these non-watchers happens to find a newspaper or magazine article on Cho in the future. And then let’s assume that this person was so intrigued with the story that he began researching Cho’s story and found more about him, then became obsessed and eventually killed someone himself, having been inspired by what Cho did. If the root of that inspiration was the print article, are all of the media critics supposed to ignore the newspaper or magazine if its circulation fell below some predetermined number? Can anyone really expect that to happen?
I also have a hard time with the argument that it would have been better for Cho’s video to have been placed online versus on the air. Who uses the internet more? Adults or kids? If we’re even remotely worried that young people might see the videos on television and be influenced, how can we advocate putting them online instead, where, arguably, a younger audience that also happens to be more computer-literate than their parents, is waiting?
If the material is too offensive, or too dangerous, or too…whatever…to be broadcast, we should have the same concerns about it being made available online. If the exposure to the broadcast audience presents too much of a risk, why would the exposure to the internet audience be any less risky?
That is why I asked the question about whether Harriet had requested that the P&C’s webmaster remove links to the AP stories containing video of the “distasteful” questions, the photos, and possibly even excerpts from the video. Admittedly, I was being somewhat sarcastic in that part, and I apologize. But if the broadcast networks are to be chastised for that coverage, I would think it is a fair question to ask why the medium that does the criticizing would then willingly post some of the same video they’re complaining about.
The Tough Questions
Yes, reporters are asking victims what was going through their minds when they realized they were trapped. Yes, reporters are asking families of those killed if they would be willing to talk about the situation. It seems tasteless. Yet many of the people who say so will be in front of the television or reading what they had to say in the newspaper or online once the interview is conducted. Reporters, some might be interested in knowing, aren’t wild about asking those kinds of questions. Doctors aren’t wild about telling patients that they have a serious illness. Not that I’m comparing the gravity of one to another…I’m just pointing out that there are things about every job that no one likes.
When Harriet mentioned the question she asked Sadat’s widow, I understood. It is what reporters do…what they do as part of their job…what they do to get the story…what they do while regretting doing it…what they do because they know if they won’t, then someone else will.
I suspect that if we think hard enough about it, we realize that we all ask those kinds of questions of those close to us. The difference, and perhaps what makes it so easy to criticize reporters, is that they’re paid to do it.
But here’s an example: I just learned that the brother-in-law of my best friend’s wife passed away suddenly last week. I talked to them while they were on their way to be with their family. I already knew from her email to me that he had suffered a massive heart attack at age 44. Otherwise, considering how young he was, I’m sure I would have asked what happened to him. Instead, I asked how his wife was doing. As soon as I asked the question, the voice in my head told me what a stupid question it was: how did I think she was doing? But these are questions we ask out of human nature.
We hear of sky divers who jump from the plane and discover too late that something is wrong with their parachute. Somehow, they plummet to the earth and survive. What we want to know, whether we admit it or not, is what they were thinking when they were falling to what most of us would consider a certain death: “How did it feel?” “What was going through your mind….”
I think the main reason we ask those questions is that we’re verbalizing the questions going through our own minds about what we would do. It strikes me as a sort of a self-induced peer pressure: we want to feel like we’re like people who have somehow survived against the odds, the kinds of people we hold up as extraordinary examples of humanity. We’d like to think we would have been able to survive as easily, with as much courage, with as much sanity and level-headedness in place. We want to live vicariously through them, imagine how we would handle the same situation, without putting ourselves in such a situation.
The Toughest Question
Ultimately, we come to this: should the footage of Cho apparently recorded the day of the massacre have aired at all?
Some say that NBC, who received and later released the footage to other sources, has nothing to apologize for because this was “new information” related to a “breaking news” story. Others say that this was “unnecessary” information that gave a killer who wanted to be famous just that status.
I do think that there are some valuable discussions that have been going about warning signs that were missed, and about mistakes made during court proceedings that prevented a gun law that would have stopped him from buying the guns from being able to function as it should have. I think it helps people understand how such a thing could have happened by illustrating how out of order his mental state of mind actually was at the time. And I also think, speaking as someone who has battled mental health issues like depression and anxiety disorder, that it is important that we all learn what mental illness is and what it isn’t.
I do not think, however, that the actual footage from his video files or the photos in which he poses with weapons should have been made public. The networks could have accomplished the passing along of information through sticking with the officially-supplied photos of Cho, which looked to have come from his student ID, and describing in limited detail, the nature of his comments. I would even have been fine with them reading short excerpts of his writing.
I did not need to see him putting on his show. I did not need to hear his words in his voice. No one did. We could have gotten the message without seeing it delivered by Cho himself. And that is how we should have gotten the message.
NBC should never have released the footage. The other media, broadcast and print, should not have aired it. They should have let NBC have this “exclusive” instead. In the rush to get fresh information on the air, they gave Cho exactly what he wanted. And in the race to keep up with the competition, too many other outlets were too quick to air the footage that everyone else was airing.
I understand why it happened. I just wish it hadn’t.